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If you're planning to work in the Netherlands as a non-EU/EEA national, it's essential to understand the two main types of work permits: the GVVA (Gecombineerde Vergunning voor Verblijf en Arbeid) and the TWV (Tewerkstellingsvergunning).
While both allow foreign nationals to legally work in the country, they apply to different situations and have distinct requirements.
In this guide, we’ll break down the differences between GVVA and TWV so you can determine which permit applies to your situation or employee.
What is a GVVA (Single Permit)?
The GVVA, or Single Permit, is a combined residence and work permit. It allows non-EU/EEA nationals to live and work in the Netherlands with a single application.
Who needs a GVVA?
• Non-EU/EEA and non-Swiss nationals planning to stay and work in the Netherlands for more than 90 days
• Foreign employees working in roles like seasonal labor, intra-corporate transfers, or knowledge migrants
• Applicants who do not already hold residence in another EU country
Who applies?
The Dutch employer typically submits the GVVA application to the Immigration and Naturalisation Service (IND).
How long is it valid?
GVVA is usually issued for the duration of the employment contract, up to a maximum of 3 years.
What’s included?
• Residence permit from IND
• Work authorization from UWV (the Employee Insurance Agency), reviewed alongside the residence permit
What is a TWV (Work Permit)?
The TWV, or Tewerkstellingsvergunning, is a separate work permit issued by the UWV and is required for specific groups who already have residence rights but still need permission to work.
Who needs a TWV?
• Foreign nationals who are already legally residing in the Netherlands but need permission to work (e.g., students, asylum seekers, or family reunification cases)
• Workers coming to the Netherlands for short-term work (less than 90 days)
• In some cases, posted workers or interns
Who applies?
The employer applies directly to the UWV, without involving the IND, because the residence rights are already in place.
How long is it valid?
TWVs are typically issued for the duration of the employment contract, often up to 1 year, and are renewable.
Key Differences Between GVVA and TWV
| Criteria | GVVA (Single Permit) | TWV (Work Permit) |
|---|---|---|
| Purpose | Combined work and residence permit | Work permit only |
| For whom | Non-EU nationals staying longer than 90 days | Those already residing in NL or working < 90 days |
| Who issues it | IND + advice from UWV | UWV only |
| Residence included? | Yes | No (must already have residence) |
| Who applies? | Employer (to IND) | Employer (to UWV) |
| Typical validity | Up to 3 years | Up to 1 year |
Why Understanding the Difference Matters
Choosing the correct permit type affects processing time, employer obligations, and legal compliance. Submitting the wrong application can lead to delays, rejections, or fines for illegal employment. Employers must also maintain detailed records of permits to meet labor inspection standards.
If you’re unsure whether a GVVA or TWV is required, consult the Dutch government’s guidelines or seek professional help.
Sources
• Government of the Netherlands (Rijksoverheid):?https://www.rijksoverheid.nl
• Immigration and Naturalisation Service (IND):?https://ind.nl
• Employee Insurance Agency (UWV):?https://www.werk.nl
Disclaimer
This content is for informational purposes only and should not be taken as legal advice. WorkPermitCheck.com is a private service provider and does not issue visas or work permits. We help individuals and employers verify the authenticity of work permits and related documents. Always consult official government sources or a licensed immigration expert before making decisions.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)
1. Can I apply for a GVVA on my own?
?No, your Dutch employer must submit the GVVA application on your behalf.
2. Do students in the Netherlands need a GVVA to work?
?No, students usually hold residence permits and need a TWV from UWV if they want to work part-time.
3. How long does a GVVA application take?
?The processing time is typically 7 to 15 weeks, depending on the case and occupation.
4. Is a TWV easier to obtain than a GVVA?
?It depends on the situation. TWV applications are usually shorter in duration but still require employers to prove labor market tests in some cases.
5. Can I switch from a TWV to a GVVA??
Yes, but it requires a new application through your employer and approval from both IND and UWV.
August 7, 2025
