How to Obtain a Work Permit in Spain?

If you are a non-EU/EEA/Swiss citizen and wish to work in Spain, you must obtain a work permit before starting your employment. Below is a step-by-step guide explaining the process in detail.

1. Determine the Type of Work Permit You Need

Spain offers different types of work permits based on your employment type:

• Highly Skilled Professional Visa (EU Blue Card) – For high-paying, specialized jobs (e.g., engineers, IT professionals).

• General Work Permit (Trabajo por cuenta ajena) – For standard employment where a company sponsors you.

• Self-Employed Work Permit (Trabajo por cuenta propia) – If you plan to start a business or work as a freelancer.

• Seasonal Work Permit – For temporary jobs (e.g., agriculture, hospitality).

• Intra-Company Transfer Visa – For employees transferred within the same company.

2. Application Process for a Work Permit in Spain

A. If You Are an Employee (Cuenta Ajena - Sponsored by an Employer)

Your employer plays a key role in this process.

Step 1: Employer Applies for a Work Authorization

• Your employer submits a work permit application to the Foreigners' Office (Oficina de Extranjería) in Spain.

• They must prove that no EU/EEA/Swiss citizen can fill the position (unless the job is on the Shortage Occupation List).

• The employer must provide:

  • A valid employment contract.

  • Proof of financial stability of the company.

  • Job description and candidate’s qualifications.

• The Spanish authorities review the application, which can take up to 3 months.

Step 2: Approval & Work Visa Application

• If approved, you will receive a work authorization document.

• You then apply for a work visa at the Spanish Consulate in your home country.

• Required documents include:

  • Passport (valid for at least 4 months).

  • Work authorization approval.

  • Employment contract.

  • Criminal record check from your home country.

  • Medical certificate stating you do not have serious diseases.

• Visa processing typically takes 1–2 months.

Step 3: Entering Spain & Finalizing the Permit

• Once your visa is approved, you can travel to Spain.

• Within 30 days of arrival, you must:

  • Apply for a Foreigner’s Identity Number (NIE) at a local police station.

  • Register with the Empadronamiento (City Hall) in your place of residence.

  • Apply for a Foreigner’s Identity Card (TIE) to confirm your residence and work permit.

B. If You Are Self-Employed (Cuenta Propia - Freelancers & Entrepreneurs)

If you plan to work for yourself, the process differs:

Step 1: Submit a Business Plan & Financial Proof

• You must provide a detailed business plan to show your business is viable.

• Proof of financial means (bank statements, investment plans).

• Any licenses or professional certificates required for your business.

• Submit your application to the Spanish Consulate in your home country.

Step 2: Approval & Visa Application

• If the Spanish government approves your business, you apply for a self-employed work visa at the Spanish consulate.

• Submit documents similar to the employee work visa.

Step 3: Entering Spain & Completing the Process

• Register your business with Spanish tax authorities.

• Get a Social Security Number.

• Apply for a TIE (Foreigner’s Identity Card) within 30 days.

3. Work Permit Validity & Renewal

• The initial work permit is valid for 1 year and renewable for 2-year periods.

• After 5 years, you can apply for permanent residency.